Heading="World History II SOL Questions"
selection = new Array()
selection[0]=new Question("One way to describe the Renaissance is",
"A. an attempt to reproduce classical works and philosophies of Greek and Roman cultures",
"B. the church's doctrine that the Pope was the central authority", 
"C. increased trade for southern Europe",
"D. an increase of serfdom in eastern Europe",
0)

selection[1]=new Question("Which event began the Protestant Reformation?", 
"A. Martin Luther posting his 95 theses on the Wittenberg church door",
"B. the publication of The Praise of Folly",
"C. Luther's translation of the Bible from Greek into German",
"D. John Calvin's institution of a theocracy in Geneva, Switzerland",
0)

selection[2]=new Question("Which of the following criticized the ignorance among the clergy in his book The Praise of Folly?",
"A. Martin Luther",
"B. John Calvin",
"C. Francesco Petrarch",
"D. Desiderius Erasmus",
3)

selection[3]=new Question("New printing technologies, like the printing press invented by _____________, helped to spread the ideas of the Reformation.",
"A. Albrecht Dürer",
"B. Johannes Gutenberg",
"C. Francesco Petrarch",
"D. Hans Holbein",
1)

selection[4]=new Question("What was the role of the Jesuits in the Counter Reformation?",
"A. to spread the Catholic religion through education",
"B. to increase the sale of indulgences",
"C. to limit the spread of Catholicism by denouncing the sale of indulgences",
"D. to advocate John Calvin's instruction of self-discipline and individual faith",
0)

selection[5]=new Question("What document signed by Henry IV provided religious toleration in France?",
"A. 95 Theses",
"B. Edict of Nantes",
"C. Treaty of Westphalia",
"D. Golden Bull",
1)

selection[6]=new Question("Which reformer taught the necessity of hard work and the belief that God controlled all men's salvation?",
"A. Marguerite of Navarre",
"B. Henry VIII",
"C. John Calvin",
"D. Joan of Arc",
2)

selection[7]=new Question("Why did Henry VIII separate himself from the Catholic church and create the Church of England with himself as the head?", 
"A. to preach his own doctrine",
"B. to divorce his wife",
"C. to make himself rich",
"D. to make himself the sole ruler of England",
1)

selection[8]=new Question("The Thirty Years' War ended with the Treaty of Westphalia which provided", 
"A. complete religious toleration in Germany",
"B. princes to choose the religion of their own lands",
"C. complete religious toleration in France",
"D. property owners to determine their religion",
1)

selection[9]=new Question("Martin Luther taught that salvation was gained by",
"A. good works alone",
"B. good works and faith",
"C. indulgences",
"D. faith alone",
3)

selection[10]=new Question("The St. Bartholomew's Day victims were",
"A. Protestants in England under Bloody Mary's rule",
"B. followers of John Calvin in Switzerland", 
"C. Huguenots in France",
"D. Hapsburg Catholics in Germany", 
2)

selection[11]=new Question("Which of the following explorers is not paired correctly?",
"A. Christopher Columbus-Portugal",
"B. John Cabot-England",
"C. Jacques Cartier-France",
"D. Hernándo Cortéz-Spain",
0)

selection[12]=new Question("Who had gained control of South Africa, parts of Australia, and the Spice Islands by 1700?",
"A. the British",
"B. the French",
"C. the Portuguese",
"D. the Dutch",
3)

selection[13]=new Question("The first English colonies in North America were founded by",
"A. joint-stock companies",
"B. Catholics looking for religious freedom",
"C. fur traders",
"D. Jesuit priests",
0)

selection[14]=new Question("What was the chief cause of the decline of the Native Americans after their contact with the Europeans?",
"A. enslavement",
"B. disease",
"C. starvation",
"D. wars", 
1)

selection[15]=new Question("Trade routes between Europe, Africa, and the New World were referred to as",
"A. the Columbian exchange",
"B. global trade routes",
"C. the middle passage",
"D. the triangular trade routes",
3)

selection[16]=new Question("Improvements in European exploration included all of the following except",
"A. triangular shaped sails",
"B. moving the rudder to the back of the ship",
"C. fewer sails",
"D. improved compass",
2)

selection[17]=new Question("What religion is most associated with the Mughal Empire?",
"A. Buddhism",
"B. Confucianism",
"C. Hinduism",
"D. Islam",
3)

selection[18]=new Question("What Byzantine capital city did the Ottoman Empire conquer?",
"A. Baghdad",
"B. Istanbul",
"C. Constantinople",
"D. Jerusalem",
2)

selection[19]=new Question("What successful Ottoman leader failed to leave his country an heir?",
"A. Süleyman", 
"B. Mehmet II",
"C. Mumtaz Mahal",
"D. Sundiata",
0)

selection[20]=new Question("Why was the Taj Mahal constructed?",
"A. to symbolize the economic prosperity of the Mughal Empire",
"B. to serve as an Islamic mosque",
"C. to shelter Islamic soldiers",
"D. to serve as a tomb for Shah Jahan's wife",
3)

selection[21]=new Question("Which is the best description of Spain after importing precious metals from the Americas?",
"A. it increased the amount of trade with the Americas",
"B. it increased their wealth",
"C. it created steep inflation in their economy",
"D. it created a growing market for Spanish manufactures", 
2)

selection[22]=new Question("Which of the following is correctly matched with their achievement?",
"A. Isaac Newton-law of gravity",
"B. Galileo Galilei-heliocentric theory",
"C. Nicolaus Copernicus-elliptical planetary motion",
"D. Johannes Kepler-developed the telescope",
0)

selection[23]=new Question("What philosopher impacted the U.S. Constitution with his arguments on separation of power?",
"A. Thomas Hobbes in Leviathan",
"B. John Lock in Two Treatises on Government",
"C. Jean-Jacques Rousseau in The Social Contract",
"D. Baron de Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws",
3)

selection[24]=new Question("A form of government in which a monarch has complete control is referred to as",
"A. divine right of the king",
"B. constitutional monarch",
"C. absolutism",
"D. democracy",
2)

selection[25]=new Question("Which monarch best demonstrates his absolute control by the statement 'The state, it is I'?",
"A. Peter the Great",
"B. Louis XIV",
"C. Louis XVI",
"D. Henry VIII",
1)

selection[26]=new Question("Adam Smith, against mercantilism, wrote of a system referred to as laissez-faire which means",
"A. government control of prices",
"B. civilian ownership, government redistribution",
"C. little involvement from the government, allowing supply and demand to determine prices",
"D. lower prices for products in demand",
2)

selection[27]=new Question("Charles I incited the English Civil War by", 
"A. increasing taxes to wage wars",
"B. refusing to work with Parliament",
"C. arresting his opponents", 
"D. all of the above",
3)

selection[28]=new Question("After the English Civil War, _____________ took control as Lord Protector.",
"A. Oliver Cromwell",
"B. William Harvey",
"C. Robert Hooke",
"D. Charles II",
0)

selection[29]=new Question("The bloodless transfer of power between James II and William and Mary, known as the Glorious Revolution, established", 
"A. an absolute monarchy for William and Mary",
"B. the beginning of a series of Catholic rulers for England",
"C. a constitutional monarchy with William and Mary's acceptance of the English Bill of Rights",
"D. the abolition of England's Parliament",
2)

selection[30]=new Question("Thomas Jefferson's arguments in the Declaration of Independence were influenced by", 
"A. Voltaire",
"B. Thomas Hobbes",
"C. Baron de Montesquieu",
"D. John Locke",
3)

selection[31]=new Question("The American colonists were angry at the British for all of the following except",
"A. being forced to quarter British soldiers",
"B. being taxed without representation",
"C. receiving unequal rights as a British civilian",
"D. being forced to abolish the slave trade",
3)

selection[32]=new Question("After the success of the American Revolution, France revolted for all of the reasons except",
"A. they were in a financial crisis",
"B. King Louis XVI wanted to raise taxes",
"C. the Third Estate had little representation",
"D. King Louis XIV wanted to build Versailles",
3)

selection[33]=new Question("Who came to rule the French during the 'Reign of Terror'?",
"A. Napoleon Bonaparte",
"B. Maximilien Robespierre",
"C. Louis XVI",
"D. the National Assembly",
1)

selection[34]=new Question("All of the following are achievements during Napoleon's reign, except",
"A. development of the Napoleonic Code",
"B. reformed the tax system of France so that all citizens paid taxes",
"C. destroyed absolute rule",
"D. created a public education system",
2)

selection[35]=new Question("Napoleon's return to power was thwarted with his defeat at the Battle of ",
"A. Waterloo",
"B. Austerlitz",
"C. Trafalgar",
"D. Saratoga",
0)

selection[36]=new Question("At the Congress of Vienna, Prince Metternich suggested Europe be returned to its original state prior to Napoleon.  This plan was called",
"A. legitimacy",
"B. Realpolitik",
"C. Liberalism",
"D. Compensation",
0)

selection[37]=new Question("Garibaldi and ________________ worked to unite Italy in the 19th century.",
"A. Mozzoni",
"B. Mussolini",
"C. Cavour",
"D. Bismark",
2)

selection[38]=new Question("Otto von Bismark's Realpolitik united Germany through a system of",
"A. Socialist reforms",
"B. alliances with strong western European countries",
"C. war and diplomacy",
"D. liberalism",
2)

selection[39]=new Question("What area of Italy was the last to unite?",
"A. Sardinia",
"B. the kingdom of the Two Sicilies",
"C. Naples",
"D. The Papal States",
2)

selection[40]=new Question("During the Industrial Revolution, which industry was the first to expand?",
"A. farming",
"B. textiles",
"C. transportation",
"D. shipbuilding",
1)

selection[41]=new Question("Which of the following technological or scientific advancement is not matched correctly?",
"A. Eli Whitney-Cotton Gin",
"B. James Watt-Steam Engine",
"C. Henry Bessemer-Bessemer Steel Process",
"D. William Harvey-all weather roads",
3)

selection[42]=new Question("Increasing markets and the need for raw materials led to the development of",
"A. imperialism",
"B. communism",
"C. socialism",
"D. capitalism",
0)

selection[43]=new Question("Who wrote the Communist Manifesto?",
"A. Adam Smith",
"B. Karl Marx",
"C. Charles Dickens",
"D. Thomas Paine",
1)

selection[44]=new Question("Karl Marx's theories are based on the idea that one day the proletariat would",
"A. overthrow the capitalists in a revolution",
"B. migrate to the United States",
"C. become a wealthy upper class",
"D. overthrow the government in a revolution",
0)

selection[45]=new Question("Which statement describes the affect of industrialization on the lower class?",
"A. improved working conditions",
"B. increased salary",
"C. development of unions/strikes to earn better working conditions",
"D. increased the supply of domestic servants",
2)

selection[46]=new Question("The British East India Company was established to maintain order in what country?",
"A. China",
"B. Korea",
"C. Afghanistan",
"D. India",
3)

selection[47]=new Question("Who had colonized most of Africa by the end of the 19th century?",
"A. England and Germany",
"B. France and England",
"C. France and Italy",
"D. Germany and Spain",
1)

selection[48]=new Question("The main reason for the increase in tribal wars in Africa was", 
"A. European imposed boundaries",
"B. European led slavery demonstrations",
"C. increased hunger",
"D. decreased trade",
0)

selection[49]=new Question("What Asian country was divided among world leaders for trade purposes?",
"A. Japan",
"B. Korea",
"C. China",
"D. India",
2)

selection[50]=new Question("Which of the following is not an underlying cause to World War I?",
"A. nationalist movements in western Europe",
"B. imperialism",
"C. increased demand for colonies",
"D. increase in militarism", 
0)

selection[51]=new Question("All of the following were first used in WWI except",
"A. tanks",
"B. cannons",
"C. poison gas",
"D. airplanes",
1)

selection[52]=new Question("Russia pulled out of World War I for all of the reasons except",
"A. famine",
"B. landless peasants",
"C. rise of communism",
"D. political elections",
3)

selection[53]=new Question("The Allied Powers originally included",
"A. Germany, United States and England",
"B. Italy, Germany and Austria",
"C. Germany, Russia and Austria",
"D. France, Russia and England",
3)

selection[54]=new Question("Woodrow Wilson's attempt at peace after World War I was called",
"A. Fourteen Points",
"B. Treaty of Verdun",
"C. Versailles Treaty",
"D. League of Nations",
0)

selection[55]=new Question("The League of Nations did not succeed because it lacked",
"A. a governing group of leaders",
"B. a military to enforce its laws",
"C. money to finance its endeavors",
"D. enough nations to participate",
1)

selection[56]=new Question("By the end of World War I, Russia was not a world power because it had",
"A. overthrown its czar and established a communist government",
"B. excluded itself from the League of Nations",
"C. not fulfilled its promises to the Allied nations",
"D. committed several war crimes",
0)

selection[57]=new Question("In 1917, the Bolsheviks, led by ____________,overthrew the provisional government and set up a communist government.",
"A. Alexander Kerensky",
"B. Leon Trotsky",
"C. Vladimir Lenin",
"D. Nicholas II",
2)

selection[58]=new Question("Mahatma Gandhi advocated satyagraha, which means non-violent protest, against the _________ to protest their colonization of India.",
"A. French",
"B. British",
"C. Americans",
"D. Italians",
1)

selection[59]=new Question("Like Gandhi, Kenyatta fought for independence from colonial rule for his home country",
"A. Kenya",
"B. Ghana",
"C. Congo",
"D. South Africa",
0)

selection[60]=new Question("All of the following are causes for the Great Depression except",
"A. World War I German war reparations",
"B. Low protective tariffs",
"C. Excessive expansion on credit",
"D. Overproduction of goods", 
1)

selection[61]=new Question("Which of the following is an impact of the Great Depression?",
"A. a low unemployment rate in industrial nations",
"B. development of credit",
"C. development of prices in world trade",
"D. development of the NAZI party in Germany",
3)

selection[62]=new Question("All of the following came to power after World War I except",
"A. Joseph Stalin",
"B. Adolf Hitler",
"C. Benito Mussolini",
"D. Nicholas II",
3)

selection[63]=new Question("Which of the following World War II leaders is not paired with his country?",
"A. Winston Churchill-Great Britain",
"B. Benito Mussolini-France",
"C. Joseph Stalin-Russia",
"D. Adolf Hitler-Germany",
1)

selection[64]=new Question("Which of the following explains the cause of World War II?",
"A. increased Nationalism",
"B. failures of the Treaty of Versailles",
"C. tendencies of Isolationism by the United States and England",
"D. all of the above",
3)

selection[65]=new Question("What did the term 'Final Solution' refer to?",
"A. the destruction of the Jewish race",
"B. the annihilation of the United States",
"C. the development of Germany as a world leader",
"D. the destruction of Japan and Italy's influence over the Axis powers",
0)

selection[66]=new Question("Who led the D-Day invasion?",
"A. General Douglas MacArthur",
"B. General Dwight D. Eisenhower",
"C. General George Patton",
"D. General George Marshall",
1)

selection[67]=new Question("World War II came to an end for the United States when Truman ordered the bombing of",
"A. Tokyo and Nagasaki",
"B. Beijing and Tokyo",
"C. Hiroshima and Nagasaki",
"D. Iwo Jima and Beijing",
2)

selection[68]=new Question("What two world powers emerged after World War II?",
"A. United States and England",
"B. France and England",
"C. Russia and Germany",
"D. United States and Russia",
3)

selection[69]=new Question("After World War II, ___________ led China in a successful Communist revolution.",
"A. Chiang Kai-shek",
"B. Mao Zedong",
"C. Ho Chi Minh",
"D. Deng Xiaoping",
1)

selection[70]=new Question("During the Cold War, President Eisenhower put forward his theory that communism must be contained.  If not, when one country fell to communism others would fall as well.  This was called the",
"A. Communist Resolution",
"B. Domino Theory",
"C. Glasnost Deposition",
"D. Policy of Perestroika",
1)
selection[71]=new Question("In 1959 the Cold War reached the western hemisphere when ______________ became the leader of Cuba.",
"A. President Nasser",
"B. Fidel Castro",
"C. Mikhail Gorbachev",
"D. Nikita Khrushchev",
1)

selection[72]=new Question("The 1960 event involving John F. Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev that had the world on the brink of nuclear war was the",
"A. Bay of Pigs",
"B. Communist Missile Containment",
"C. Cuban Missile Crisis",
"D. Oppenheimer Plan",
2)

selection[73]=new Question("After the Vietnam war, North Vietnam and South Vietnam remained",
"A. divided",
"B. communist",
"C. under French control",
"D. under British control",
0)

selection[74]=new Question("The independent nation state of Israel was created in",
"A. 1946, because of treaty negotiations",
"B. 1947, by the decree of the Nuremberg trials",
"C. 1948, by a vote of the United Nations",
"D. 1949, as a result of a revolution",
2)

selection[75]=new Question("Which of the following did Israel not annex in 1967?",
"A. the Sinai Peninsula",
"B. Jordan",
"C. the Golan Heights",
"D. East Jerusalem",
1) 

selection[76]=new Question("In November of 1989 East and West Berlin celebrated",
"A. the fall of the Berlin wall",
"B. the annexation of Estonia",
"C. the combination of their city into a communist city",
"D. the Berlin airlift",
0)

selection[77]=new Question("South Africa's first freely elected black president was",
"A. Nelson Mandela",
"B. Jomo Kenyatta",
"C. Laurent Kabila",
"D. Mobutu Sese Seko",
0)

selection[78]=new Question("Which of the following is a major form of pollution?",
"A. ozone depletion",
"B. oil spills",
"C. acid rain",
"D. greenhouse effect",
2)

selection[79]=new Question("Which religion is located in China?",
"A. Hinduism",
"B. Buddhism",
"C. Shinto",
"D. Islam",
1)

selection[80]=new Question("Which religion worships in mosques?",
"A. Islam",
"B. Christianity",
"C. Hinduism",
"D. Judaism",
0)

selection[81]=new Question("Which of the following religions is not montheistic?",
"A. Islam",
"B. Christianity",
"C. Judaism",
"D. Buddhism",
3)

selection[82]=new Question("Which religion is concentrated in India?",
"A. Hinduism",
"B. Buddhism",
"C. Shinto",
"D. Islam",
0)

selection[83]=new Question("Which religion uses the Torah as their sacred writing?",
"A. Christianity",
"B. Judaism",
"C. Islam",
"D. Hinduism",
1)

selection[84]=new Question("Which is considered the oldest religion in the world?",
"A. Christianity",
"B. Judaism",
"C. Hinduism",
"D. Buddhism",
2)